Abstract
BACKGROUND : The evidence of rising multidrug-resistant organisms requires implementation of effective stewardship programs to control Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR). But this has to be informed by evidence-based knowledge of local antimicrobial resistance patterns. The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of common pathogenic microbes including their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and distribution in Tamilnadu. Globally the emergence of antibiotic resistance and limited availability of treatment options present an increasing challenge for the management of bacterial infections worldwide. Recently the incidence of bacterial infections has risen, and the lack of available treatment options against some Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains is alarming. Infections caused by MDR organisms are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hence, careful adherence to infection control and infection treatment guidelines helps to improve patient outcome and reduce the antibiotic usage.
METHODOLOGY : It is a retrospective secondary data analysis. Data collected from October 2022 to March 2023 from the culture & sensitivity records of various clinical isolates at all District Public Health Laboratories in Tamilnadu performing culture and sentivity and the data was received in excel sheet in a fixed format.
RESULTS : A total of 400 positive culture were included in this study , out of which E.coli (31%) , Staphylococcus.sp (26%) ,Klebseilla.sp (22%) , Pseudomonas.sp (10%) , Proteus.sp (5%), Acinetobacter.sp (2%) were isolated. Maximum resistance was observed with commonly used first line antimicrobials such as co-trimoxazole, ampicillin, amoxyclav, fluoroquinolones, and third generation cephalosporins. . Least resistant or highly sensitive were amikacin, meropenem , imipenem & cefaperazone sulbactum among the gram-negative bacteria. Macrolides, clindamycin, vancomycin & and linezolid were the most sensitive antimicrobials against the gram-positive bacteria. Out of 102 Staphylococcus aureus, 53% were resistant to cefoxitine which implies there were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
CONCLUSION : The microbial culture and sensitivity for a clinical sample are essential before starting antimicrobial therapy. To prevent the rising trend of AMR, rational use of antibiotics, prescribing appropriate antibiotics after conducting culture and sensitivity, Preventive measures and health policies should be implemented to prevent the spread of infection caused by these pathogens.
KEYWORD : Antimicrobial resistance, Bacterial isolates, Antibiotic susceptibility